电流型探测器单粒子灵敏度标定的原理及应用

 采用电荷模数转换记录单个脉冲电荷的方法,标定了单能射线在电流型闪烁探测器中产生的平均电流,从而得到其灵敏度。标定结果与传统的电流法在±8%的范围内一致。该标定方法准确度高,扣除本底容易,对标定源的强度要求也大大降低。加上飞行时间法,还可对粒子进行甄别,能在中子-γ射线混合场中将中子和γ射线的电荷贡献分开,得到探测器对每种射线单独的灵敏度。该方法适用于在单个脉冲电荷信噪比较高的场合下标定脉冲电流型探测器。     

Synthesis of High-Performance Aqueous Fluorescent Nanodispersions for Textile Printing—A Study of Influence of Moles Ratio on Fastness Properties

Aqueous fluorescent dispersions containing dyed acrylic-based copolymer nanoparticles possess significant credentials concerning green technology as compared to those prepared with the conventional vinyl-based monomers in textile and garment sectors; however, their essential textile fastness properties are yet to achieve. In the present work, a series of acrylic nanodispersions were synthesized by varying the moles ratio of benzyl methacrylate (BZMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) monomers. This was done to study their effect on dye aggregation and dyed polymer particles agglomeration. FT-IR spectral analysis showed the formation of polymer structures, while Malvern Analyzer, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis suggested that the particles are spherical in shape and their size is less than 200 nm. The obtained nanodispersions were later applied on cotton fabrics for the evaluation of wash fastness and colour migration. Premier color scan spectrophotometer and zeta potential measurement studies suggested that colour migration of printed cotton fabrics increased with an increasing agglomeration of particles and it was also observed to increase with the moles ratio of MMA and zeta potentials.     

Innovative Development of Batch Dyed 3D Printed Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene Objects

According to the great impact of additive technology on the development of modern industry, a lot of research is being done to obtain 3D printed parts with better properties. This research is extremely important because there are no scientific papers in the field of post dyeing of acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) 3D printed parts. The experiment was carried out using disperse dyes on ABS specimens. The obtained coloration of the specimens was in the primary colors (yellow, red, and blue) in the specified dyestuff concentration range and was evaluated using an objective CIELab system. Based on the obtained color parameters, remission values and Kubelka-Munk coefficient, dye mixtures and an ombre effect were performed to obtain patterns in the desired hues. Abrasion resistance of disperse dyed specimens was tested using different abrasive materials over a wide range of fineness to simulate different indoor and outdoor soils and was compared to abrasion resistance of specimens produced from the industrially dyed wire with the master batch. The results show that 3D printed ABS products can be produced in one or more desired shades with satisfactory abrasion resistance. This undoubtedly represents the added value of 3D printed ABS parts and extends their application to the field of creative industries and design, specifically footwear design.     

Cement Composites with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for 3D Concrete Printing Applications – A Review

3D concrete printing (3DCP) is an emerging additive manufacturing technology in the construction industry. Its challenges lie in the development of high-performance printable materials and printing processes. Recently developed carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) such as graphene, graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelets, and carbon nanotubes, have various applications due to their exceptional mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical characteristics. CBNs also have found potential applications as a concrete ingredient as they enhance the microstructure and modify concrete properties at the molecular level. This paper focuses on state-of-the-art studies on CBNs, 3DCP technology, and CBNs in conventional and 3D printable cement-based composites including CBN dispersion techniques, concrete mixing methods, and fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Furthermore, the current limitations and future perspectives of 3DCP using CBNs to produce high-quality composite mixtures are discussed.     

Ink‐Jet Printing of Metallic Nanoparticles and Microemulsions

Summary: Two types of ink‐jet inks are presented: ink containing an aqueous dispersion of silver nanoparticles and an oil‐in‐water microemulsion‐based ink. The metallic ink contains nanoparticles of silver, which are formed in the presence of an ionic polymeric stabilizer. Sintering of the printed image obtained with the use of such silver‐based inks at temperatures as low as 300 °C results in formation of patterns possessing noticeable conductivity. The microemulsion inks are based on a thermodynamically stable microemulsion, in which the dispersed oil phase is a volatile solvent containing a water‐insoluble colorant. After contact of the jetted ink droplets with a substrate, nanodroplets of the microemulsion are converted into nanoparticles of the solubilized colorant. In some cases, it was found that the evaporation of microemulsion ink droplets leads to formation of rings composed of ordered nanoparticles.

Scheme of ink‐jet printing of an oil‐in‐water microemulsion followed by conversion of the nanodroplets into nanoparticles, caused by quick evaporation of the solvent within the microemulsion droplets. Therefore, the ink behaves as a dye‐based ink prior to printing, but after printing it behaves like a pigment‐based ink.     

Photocurable Nitric Oxide-Releasing Copolyester for the 3D Printing of Bioresorbable Vascular Stents

The design of bioresorbable vascular stents (BVS) capable of releasing nitric oxide (NO) at the implant site may enable BVS to mimic the antiplatelet, antiproliferative, and pro-endothelial actions of NO, overcoming complications of BVS such as late thrombosis and restenosis. In this study, the fabrication of BVS composed of methacrylated poly(dodecanediol citrate-co-dodecanediol S-nitroso-mercaptosuccinate) (mP(DC-co-DMSNO)), a novel elastomeric, bioabsorbable, and photocurable copolyester, containing covalently bound S-nitrosothiol groups in the carbon backbone of the polymer, is reported. The mP(DC-co-DMSNO) stents are manufactured via photoinduced 3D printing and allow deployment via a self-expansion process from a balloon catheter. After deployment, hydration of the stents triggers the release of NO, which is maintained during the slow hydrolysis of the polymer. Real-time NO release measurements show that by varying the copolyester composition and the strut geometry of the mP(DC-co-DMSNO) stents, it is possible to modulate their NO release rate in the range of 30–52 pmol min⁻¹ cm⁻². Preliminary biological assays in cell culture show that endothelial cells adhere to the surface of the stents and that NO release favors their endothelization. Thus, mP(DC-co-DMSNO) may emerge as a new platform for the fabrication of advanced BVS.     

A gravity-independent single-phase electrode reservoir for capillary electrophoresis applications

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) holds great promise as an in situ analytical technique for a variety of applications. However, typical instrumentation operates with open reservoirs (e.g., vials) to accommodate reagents and samples, which is problematic for automated instruments designed for space or underwater applications that may be operated in various orientations. Microgravity conditions add an additional challenge due to the unpredictable position of the headspace (air layer above the liquid) in any two-phase reservoir. One potential solution for these applications is to use a headspace-free, flow-through reservoir design that is sealed and connected to the necessary reagents and samples. Here, we demonstrate a flow-through high-voltage (HV) reservoir for CE that is compatible with automated in situ exploration needs, and which can be electrically isolated from its source fluidics (in order to prevent unwanted leakage current). We also demonstrate how the overall system can be rationally designed based on the operational parameters for CE to prevent electrolysis products generated at the electrode from entering the capillary and interfering with the CE separation. A reservoir was demonstrated with a 19 mm long, 1.8 mm inner diameter channel connecting the separation capillary and the HV electrode. Tests of these reservoirs integrated into a CE system show reproducible CE system operation with a variety of background electrolytes at voltages up to 25 kV. Rotation of the reservoirs, and the system, showed that their performance was independent of the direction of the gravity vector.     

Investigation of the regeneration of the passive surface oxide layer of TiAl6V4 alloy printed by WAAM technology using different electrochemical test methods

The kinetics of oxide layer formation on surface of Ti6Al4V alloy samples is a very important property especially if their application as medical implants is planned. Damaged protective surface layer usually heals in ambient condition however; during the self-healing process toxic species can get into the surrounding living tissue. In our experiment the kinetics of the healing process proceeding at 3D printed alloy surface has been studied using electrochemical methods, among them scanning electrochemical microscopy. More than 40 min. time period was found long enough for total healing.     

传统文化融入中学化学教学——“非遗印染技艺”的教学资源开发

从染料的利用历史、传统印染工艺、印染环保创新等3个维度挖掘了非遗印染技艺的教学资源，与萃取、自然资源开发利用、还原剂、硫及其化合物、酚醇性质、配合物、电解池等化学知识结合，以印染技艺为载体将传统文化、思政教育与化学教学有机融合，落实化学学科核心素养的发展，为传统文化融入中学化学教学提供借鉴。     

Rapid prototyping of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchips using electrohydrodynamic jet printing: Application to electrokinetic assays

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidic devices have found increasing utility for electrophoretic and electrokinetic assays because of their ease of fabrication using replica molding. However, the fabrication of high-resolution molds for replica molding still requires the resource-intensive and time-consuming photolithography process, which precludes quick design iterations and device optimization. We here demonstrate a low-cost, rapid microfabrication process, based on electrohydrodynamic jet printing (EJP), for fabricating non-sacrificial master molds for replica molding of PDMS microfluidic devices. The method is based on the precise deposition of an electrically stretched polymeric solution of polycaprolactone in acetic acid on a silicon wafer placed on a computer-controlled motion stage. This process offers the high-resolution (order 10 $\mu$m) capability of photolithography and rapid prototyping capability of inkjet printing to print high-resolution templates for elastomeric microfluidic devices within a few minutes. Through proper selection of the operating parameters such as solution flow rate, applied electric field, and stage speed, we demonstrate microfabrication of intricate master molds and corresponding PDMS microfluidic devices for electrokinetic applications. We demonstrate the utility of the fabricated PDMS microchips for nonlinear electrokinetic processes such as electrokinetic instability and controlled sample splitting in ITP. The ability to rapid prototype customized reusable master molds with order 10 $\mu$m resolution within a few minutes can help in designing and optimizing microfluidic devices for various electrokinetic applications.